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2009年考研英语(一)真题笔记

Section ⅠUse of English

fruitfly(果蝇)

dim(昏暗的,模糊的;变淡漠,变暗淡)

buld(灯泡)

inclination(趋向)

priority(优先权,优先考虑),常与 over 搭配

upkeep(n.维护,维持)

be slow off the starting line(起步缓慢)

incredible(不可信的;极好的)

spontaneous(自发的)

inevitable(不可避免的)

instinct(本能)

Is there an adaptive value to limited intelligence?(有限的智力是否具有适应值呢?),本句是 there be 句型的一般疑问句,其结构为“be(Is) + there + 主语(an adaptive value)”,介词短语 limited intelligence 作 value 的后置定语。

invisible(无形,看不见的)

indefinite(不定)

cast(投;模型;全体演员)

leave sb./sth. in the dust(远远抛在后面;远远超过)

wistful(渴望的)

implicitly(含蓄地;绝对地)

costs(代价)

deliver sth. to sb.(递送,传送)

apply sth. to sth.(应用于,致力于)

carry out (做,完成任务)

carry on(继续做某事)

by chance(偶然)

in contrast(相反)

for instance(例如)

lest(唯恐,以免),后面接 should + 动词原形的虚拟结构

moderate(使适中)

Above all(首先,尤其,最重要的是)

After all(毕竟,仍然)

Otherwise(否则)

fundamental(基本的)

comprehensive(全面的)

equivalent(相等的)

hostile(敌对的)

So far(到目前为止)

Better still(更好的是)

inconclusive(无定论的;非决定性的)

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

unreflecting(无思考的)

herd(人群)

ever-changing(不断变化的)

implication(含义)

paradoxical(自相矛盾的)

context(背景,语境)

innovation(n.创新)

parallel(平行的)

casual(随便的)

mechanical(机械的)

changeable(多变的)

regulate(调节)

trace(追踪)

track(轨道)

dismiss sb./sth. as (认为…不过是…;摒弃),

举例:She was dismissed as a dreamer.(人们认为她不过是个空想家)

fascination(魅力)

perpetuate(使永存,使永久)

foster(v.培养,抚养;adj.收养的)

come in(起作用;涌向;收入)

举例:I can not see where the course comes in for me.(我不明白这项课程对我有什么用。)

Text 2

paternal(父系的)

paternity(亲子关系)

purchase(采购)

drugstore(药方)

prescription(处方)

kinship(血缘关系,亲属关系)

track down(找到,追踪)

put up(提供,提名)

rage(时尚;盛怒;发怒;肆虐)

passionate(充满激情的;热切的)

genealogist(家谱学者;系谱学家)

promote(促进)

swab(擦拭;拭取)

saliva(唾液)

skeptical(持怀疑态度的)

hawk(传播;兜售)

ancestry(祖先,世系)

lineage(世系,血统)

mitochondrial(线粒体的)

chromosome(染色体)

pass sth. down(世代相传,流传)

reveal(揭示)

bloodlines(血统)

claimed(声称的)

disorganized(杂乱无章的)

overlapping(adj.重叠,交叉,层;n.飞弧)

excessive(过多)

evaluation(评价)

critics(批评者)

as good as(与…几乎一样;简直是)

lump together(把…合在一起;归并;一概而论)

patent(v.获得专利权;n.专利权;adj.有专利的)

be subject to (服从)

promote(促进)

Text 3

put sb. through sth.(使某人经受)

consistently(一贯地)

radically(彻底地,根本地,激进地)

Ironically(具有讽刺意味的是)

groundless(无端)

downgrade(低估)

overestimate(高估)

pre-bubble(泡沫之前)

deride(嘲笑)

workforce(劳动力)

remains(仍然是)

automotive-assembly(汽车装配)

counterparts(对应部分)

Yet(但)

peak(n.顶峰,顶点,山峰;v.达到高峰(最大值))

illiterate(adj.文盲的;n.文盲)

prior to sth.(在…之前)

trap(困境;陷阱;圈套)

constrain(约束,克制)

substantially(大量地,实质上)

Text 4

philosophy(哲学)

colonial(adj.殖民地的;n.殖民地居民)

pursuit(n.追求,追赶;职业)

preoccupation(n.当务之急;全神贯注),此处意译为“重点话题”

unfold(发展;展开;呈现;开花)

dominant(adj.首要的;占优势的;显性的)

Puritan(清教徒的)

theological(神学的)

distinctive(adj.独特的,特别的;n.差别,区分;荣誉)

neglect(忽略)

in keeping with(一致,协调)

举例:in keeping with what we expected(与我们预期相符)

liberal(自由的)

endeavors(活动)

circumstance(状况)

episode(事件)

ideal(理想)

civility(礼貌)

virtuosity(精湛的技艺)

comparatively(相较而言,相对)

extensively(广泛地)

earnestness(n.诚挚)

be obsessed with sth.(痴迷于某事)

minister(牧师)

superstition(迷信)

religious(宗教的)

craftsmen(工匠)

let alone(更不用说,不必考虑)

dependent(n.靠别人生活的人,受赡养者;adj.依赖的)

superstitious(迷信的)

tailor(裁缝)

confusion(混乱,混淆,迷惑)

decisive(关键性的,决定性的,果断)

Bible(《圣经》)

sermon(n.布道,说教)

frustrated(adj.沮丧的)

illusory(虚幻的)

engage(从事)

prospect(展望)

slight(adj.轻微的;细小的;n.冷落;v.轻视)

clergyman(n.牧师;教士)

confront(v.遭遇;面对;对质)

folk(adj.民间;n.众人)

mock(v.嘲笑;n.嘲弄)

end(目标;目的)

Part B

philosophy(哲学)

put forward(提出)

phenomena(现象)

coincide(吻合)

groundbreaking(开创性的)

evolution(进化,发展)

naturalist(自然学家,自然主义者)

anthropologist(人类学家)

diffusionism(扩散主义)

linguistics(语言学)

anthropology(人类学)

anatomy(解剖学)

in favor of(赞成)

reinforce(加强)

solidarity(团结)

dominant(优势)

fittest(优胜劣汰)

ritual(仪式)

diverse(多样的)

kinship(亲属关系)

evolve(发展)

pottery(陶器)

metallurgy(冶金)

Part C

deliberate(adj.故意的;慎重的)

marked(adj.明显)

incidental(adj.附带的,伴随而来的;n.附带的次要事件)

express(adj.明确的,迅速的;v.表达)

overrule(否决,更改决定)

secure the favor of sth.(得到…的青睐)

ward(v.防止,避免;n.病房;(城市的)区;受监护人),词组:ward sb./sth. off

gratify(使满足,使高兴)

perpetuity(n.永恒;adj.永恒的,长期的)

for the most part(通常)

enslavement(n.奴役,奴隶化)

倒装句:Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and more gradually still was this effect considered as a direct factor in the conduct of this institution.(人们只是逐渐地才注意到这种机构附带产生的影响,而人们将这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。)

industriousness(n.勤奋)

thrift(n.节约,节俭;海石竹)

form(形式)

gain in(增强,增加)

But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.(但在和年轻人交往时,交往本身作为一种直接的人类行为的重要性却在日益增强了。)

disposition(n.性情,意向,排列)

While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(虽然在与年轻人接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响,但在与成年人打交道的时候,这种情况就不那么容易发生。)

urgent(紧迫的)

wholly(完全地,全面地)

leave … out of account(不考虑)

headway(n.进展,前进)

ultimate(最终)

distinctively(独特地)

distinguish(v.区分;辨别;成为…的特征)

tuition(n.讲授,教学,学费)

instill(v.逐步培养;逐渐灌输)